Sustainable Concrete with Pigeon Pea Stalk Ash and Recycled Aggregates: A Review

Due to the rapid growth of construction activities and increasing concerns regarding environmental sustainability, the demand for eco-friendly and resource-efficient construction materials is increasing day by day. The extensive use of cement and natural aggregates in concrete production leads to depletion of natural resources and higher carbon emissions. To overcome these issues, various waste and agricultural by-products are being utilized as partial replacement materials in concrete. Among them, Pigeon Pea Stalk Ash (PPSA) is used as a partial replacement of cement, while Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA) is used as a replacement of natural coarse aggregate. In addition, M-Sand is adopted as an alternative to natural river sand to promote sustainable construction practices. In this study, various papers related to this topic are reviewed in which significant work has already been carried out by researchers. The review focuses on the comparative strength characteristics and performance of sustainable concrete incorporating PPSA, RCA, and M-Sand. With the help of the review of research papers, the effects of these replacement materials on the mechanical properties of concrete are identified, and the conclusive outcomes obtained form the research objectives for further study.